In recent years, people who are missing teeth have had the option of choosing a remarkable procedure, dental implants, to correct the problem. Prior to their development, only bridgework, partial or full dentures were available; however, these appliances often proved to be uncomfortable and sometimes unsightly when they did not fit properly. Today, many people are enjoying the comfort and convenience that dental implants offer.
What is a dental implant?
Dental implants are metallic substitutes for tooth roots. A dental implant involves placing an anchor shaped like a screw or cylinder in the jawbone (Fig. A). Replacement teeth are then attached to the part of the screw that is above the gum. Dental implants can eliminate the need for removable dentures or bridgework as well as concern about slipping dentures or gaps that show missing teeth. Dental implants also have the added benefit of eliminating the use of surrounding teeth as anchors for bridgework.
Who would benefit from dental implants?
Anyone who has problems with retention of full or partial dentures would probably benefit from having dental implants. Other candidates for implants are those who want to replace individual missing teeth. These implants also eliminate the problem of dentures slipping or clicking when eating or talking. Another reason to consider this procedure is if remaining teeth are beginning to move or are becoming loose.
Who might be a good candidate for dental implants?
The ideal candidate for dental implants is in reasonably good health and has sufficient bone in the area of the missing tooth or teeth to provide anchorage for the implant. It is very important that anyone who has dental implants be willing to commit to maintaining good oral hygiene and regular checkups with the dentist.
What must take place before dental implants are inserted?
The dentist will carefully review your medical and dental history to determine if you are a good candidate for the procedure. If it is determined that you are, the dentist will decide what kind of implant to use and where to place it in your jaw.
Certain diagnostic tests may be ordered which include regular dental x-rays and perhaps other x-rays that show front or side views of your jaw and teeth. Photographs may also be taken.
What does the dental implant procedure involve?
There are several types of implants currently being used; the most common is the endosteal implant. This implant is secured in your jawbone with screws or cylinders.
The procedure usually requires two separate surgeries. The first involves placing the anchors into the jawbone. During the next few months, the bone cells grow around the anchors until they are held solidly in place. After that has occurred, the second part of the surgery is performed. This procedure involves connecting small metal pieces called abutments to the anchors (Fig. B). The gums are then allowed to heal for several weeks after which a permanent prosthesis or false tooth is created and fitted onto the abutments. This usually takes several fittings and may require up to two months or more to complete.
What does the surgery involve?
A short time before the first surgical procedure in which the anchors are placed, your dentist may ask you to take oral antibiotics to help prevent infection. On the day of surgery, you may be given a sedative to help you relax, after which a local anesthetic will be administered which will completely numb the area. This will keep you free from pain during the procedure.
The second surgery - the attachment of the abutments or small metal connectors - is somewhat shorter in duration than the first procedure. You will be given a local anesthetic which will completely numb the area prior to the surgery.
The third step in the process, the creation and attachment of the prosthesis, will take place sometime later. in order for your new teeth to fit well and be comfortable, impressions will be taken of both upper and lower jaws. From these impressions, the new teeth will be made and later attached to the abutments (Fig. C).
